Legionella

The genus Legionella includes 26 species of which L. pneumophilia is most frequently associated with human disease. Legionella spp. are known to infect humans by inhalation. The ingestion of drinking water containing Legionella is considered irrelevant until the bacteria are amplified by multiplying in specific sites under thermal enrichment. Therefore, hot-water systems maintained below 60oC,…
Read more

Giardia

Giardia lamblia is a parasitic protozoan belonging to the group of flagellates. The parasite is found in the small intestine of humans and other mammals, which when excreted by an organism survives as a cyst before being ingested by the next host. Giardia is characterised by the presence of the outer shell which allows it…
Read more

Sponges

A member of Phylum Porifera, the name derived from Latin words porus for pore and Ferre to bear, hence an animal with pores. This class of organisms is almost 600 million years old and makes up for more than half of the biomass in the marine reefs. They can be found in almost any aquatic…
Read more